Frequently asked questions about Medicare insurance

Comparing Medicare Advantage plans vs. Medicare Supplement Insurance plans

Here are some of the key items people like to compare when deciding between a Medicare Advantage plan and a Medigap plan. 

Medicare Advantage plansMedigap plans
Doctors and hospitalsYou may be required to use doctors and hospitals in the plan network.You can select your own doctors and hospitals that accept Medicare patients.
ReferralsYou may need referrals and may be required to use network specialists, depending on the plan.You can see specialists without referrals. 
Coverage when you travelNon-emergency care might depend on your plan’s service area. Emergency care is generally covered for travel within the United States and sometimes abroad.Coverage goes with you when you travel across the United States and, depending on the plan, may cover emergency care when traveling abroad.
EnrollmentGenerally, there are specific periods during the year when you can enroll in or switch to a different Medicare Advantage plan. And you generally can’t be denied coverage or charged more based on your health status.You can apply to buy a plan any time after you turn 65. However, if you apply during your Open Enrollment Period, you are guaranteed coverage at the best available rate for you, regardless of your health status.
CostsGenerally, you pay a low or $0 monthly plan premium (in addition to your Part B premium). When you use services, you pay copays, coinsurance, and deductibles up to a set out-of-pocket limit.For Medicare-approved doctor and hospital services, you’ll pay a monthly plan premium in addition to your Part B premium. When you use services, you’ll have
low—or no—copays and coinsurance, depending on the plan selected. 
Prescription drug coveragePrescription drug coverage is included with most plans.Prescription drug coverage is not included. Consider buying a standalone Part D plan for more complete coverage. 

What’s Medicare?

Medicare is the federal health insurance program for:
– People who are 65 or older
– Certain younger people with disabilities
– People with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD)

The different parts of Medicare help cover specific services:

– Medicare Part A (Hospital Insurance)
Part A covers inpatient hospital stays, care in a skilled nursing facility, hospice care, and some home health care.

– Medicare Part B (Medical Insurance)
Part B covers certain doctors’ services, outpatient care, medical supplies, and preventive services.

– Medicare Part D (prescription drug coverage)
Helps cover the cost of prescription drugs (including many recommended shots or vaccines).

Part A & Part B Premiums

You usually don’t pay a monthly premium for Part A if you or your spouse paid Medicare taxes while working for a certain amount of time. This is sometimes called “premium-free Part A.”

Learn more about premium-free Part A.

If you aren’t eligible for premium-free Part A, you may be able to buy Part A. You’ll pay up to $499 each month in 2022. If you paid Medicare taxes for less than 30 quarters, the standard Part A premium is $499. If you paid Medicare taxes for 30–39 quarters, the standard Part A premium is $274.
Learn more about Part A premiums.

Most people will pay the standard Part B premium amount. The standard Part B premium amount in 2022 is $170.10. If your modified adjusted gross income as reported on your IRS tax return from 2 years ago is above a certain amount, you’ll pay the standard premium amount and an Income Related Monthly Adjustment Amount (IRMAA). IRMAA is an extra charge added to your premium.
Learn more about Part B premiums.

How does Medicare work?

With Medicare, you have options in how you get your coverage. Once you enroll, you’ll need to decide how you’ll get your Medicare coverage. There are 2 main way

Medicare Advantage

Medicare Advantage is Medicare-approved plan from a private company that offers an alternative to Original Medicare for your health and drug coverage. These “bundled” plans include Part A, Part B, and usually Part D. Plans may offer some extra benefits that Original Medicare doesn’t cover — like vision, hearing, and dental services. Medicare Advantage Plans have yearly contracts with Medicare and must follow Medicare’s coverage rules. The plan must notify you about any changes before the start of the next enrollment year.

Learn about the types of Medicare Advantage Plans.
Each Medicare Advantage Plan can charge different  out-of-pocket costs. They can also have different rules for how you get services.

Learn more about how Medicare Advantage Plans work.

Medicare drug coverage helps pay for prescription drugs you need. To get Medicare drug coverage, you must join a Medicare-approved plan that offers drug coverage (this includes Medicare drug plans and Medicare Advantage Plans with drug coverage).

Learn more about how to get Medicare drug coverage.

Each plan can vary in cost and specific drugs covered, but must give at least a standard level of coverage set by Medicare. Medicare drug coverage includes generic and brand-name drugs. Plans can vary the list of prescription drugs they cover (called a formulary) and how they place drugs into different “tiers” on their formularies.

Learn more about Medicare drug coverage.

Plans have different monthly premiums. You’ll also have other costs throughout the year in a Medicare drug plan. How much you pay for each drug depends on which plan you choose.

Learn about your costs for Medicare drug coverage.

When you have other insurance, there’s more than one “payer” for your coverage.
Learn how Medicare works with other insurance.

Health plans sold in California fall in these three categories. They differ when it comes to things like costs and provider networks (the doctors, hospitals, labs, and so on that your plan covers).

HMOs (health maintenance organizations) are typically cheaper than PPOs, but they tend to have smaller networks. You need to see your primary care physician before getting a referral to a specialist.

PPOs (preferred provider organizations) are usually more expensive. In exchange, you will likely get a larger network and the ability to see a provider outside that network. You can also see specialists without a referral.

EPOS (exclusive provider organizations) combine features of HMOs and PPOs. They have exclusive networks like HMOs do, which means they are usually less expensive than PPOs. But as with PPOs, you’ll be able to make your own appointments with specialists.

Before enrolling in a plan, it is always a good idea to confirm with providers that they accept your plan of choice.

A comprehensive list of free preventive care available in all health plans through us can be found on the Using Your Plan page.

Copays are a fixed out-of-pocket amount paid for covered services. Insurance providers often charge copays for services such as doctor visits or prescription drugs.

Your deductible is the amount you pay out of pocket for health care services covered under your insurance plan before your plan begins to pay for eligible expenses. The amount you pay for a health insurance deductible is determined by the type of plan you choose.

Coinsurance is your share of costs for a covered health care service after the deductible is reached. It’s calculated as a percentage.

A pre-existing condition is any illness or condition a patient has prior to obtaining insurance. In the past, people could be barred from getting a health plan because of a pre-existing condition. Thanks to the Affordable Care Act, pre-existing conditions are no longer grounds for refusing to sell someone insurance.

All health plans Covered California offers cover 10 essential health benefits. No matter which plan or coverage level you select, they all must offer comprehensive care. These standards make it easier to evaluate plans based on things like price and the availability of the providers you want.

For some services, copay plans and coinsurance plans will have different costs. With coinsurance plans, you’ll pay a percentage of a certain service; with a copay plan, these services will have set prices. This choice in plans is only available at the Gold coverage level.

Cost-sharing reductions help you save money when you receive medical care. (Financial help, on the other hand, is the savings you get on your monthly premium.) They include savings on deductibles, coinsurance and copays, or similar charges. This type of savings is available with certain health plans.

A health insurance network is a group of doctors and medical care providers across multiple specialties that have a contract to provide health care services to members of a health insurance plan.

When you see a doctor who is in-network, you are using a provider who participates in one of CareFirst’s provider networks. Some health insurance plans only cover care in-network, while other health plans cover both in-network and out-of-network care. If your health plan covers out-of-network care, staying in-network often still reduces the amount you pay for health care.

Out-of-network means that a doctor or physician does not have a contract with your health insurance plan provider. This can sometimes result in higher prices. Some health plans, such as an HMO Plans, will not cover care from out-of-network providers at all, except in an emergency.

The coverage your plan offers for in-network and out-of-network health care providers, and the network your provider is in, both impact how much you pay for care.

If you have an HMO plan, you are only covered for in-network care, except in medical emergencies, when you may receive coverage out-of-network. With a PPO plan, you may have coverage for out-of-network care whenever you choose, but your out-of-pocket cost for out-of-network health care may be higher than for care in-network. Understanding the network coverage your plan has can help you choose which doctors and other health care providers to see, to get the best value for your money.

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